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[原创]打鼾是病

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发表于 2007-9-2 18:18:00 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 IP:山东潍坊
<h1 align="center" style="MARGIN: 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">打鼾是病吗?</span></h1><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US">&shy;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;">——</span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">浅谈睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.7pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">人一生中三分之一的时间是在睡眠中度过,良好的睡眠是很重要的,可以使人们充分恢复体能和脑力。相反,如果睡眠质量不好,会导致一些严重的问题。因为睡眠打鼾是一种常见的现象,所以很多人认为,睡觉的时候打鼾是很正常的事,说明自己睡得香,睡得好。事实上这种观点是不正确的,在医学上,它是睡眠呼吸调节障碍的一种,症状表现严重的,就是所谓的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">SAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">),这是一种具有潜在性危险的疾病,最常见的是阻塞性的睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">OSAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.7pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">由于生活水平的提高,肥胖的人越来越多,导致患有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">SAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的越来越多。国外调查,习惯性鼾症的发生率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">15~19%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,偶尔鼾症发生率为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">26~30%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。我国调查,鼾症发生率为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">13.4%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">左右,并且有随着年龄的增高而增加的趋势。而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">SAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的患病率在国外是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1~5%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,在我国大约为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。它的发生与年龄、肥胖、性别、遗传有一定的关系,尤其是肥胖的中老年男性为高发人群。其病因为多种原因导致上气道谢狭窄或塌陷,以至睡眠时反复出现呼吸暂停,致使人体各器官严重缺氧、缺血及功能障碍。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">OSAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的损害多数是功能性的,如能得到及时有效的治疗,常具有较大的可逆性。如对大脑功能损害引起的白天嗜睡、困倦乏力、记忆力下降,晨间头痛等;对心、肺、脑血管损害引起的肺动脉高压、夜间心律失常、心绞痛、高血压、心力衰竭,尤其是对许多不明原因的左、右心衰竭等,一旦消除呼吸暂停,上述并发症可得到明显改善。现已证实</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">OSAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是高血压、冠心病、心肌梗塞及脑中风等发病的独立危险因素,严重的导致夜间猝死。积极治疗可使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">OSAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">病死率明显降低。此外</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">OSAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">引起胸腔负压增加,导致食道返流的发生;阳萎可使夫妻生活不协调;缺氧引起的肾小管吸收功能障碍,夜尿增多等,也能随着呼吸暂停的消除得到缓解。另据国外报道,由于夜间睡眠质量差,出现明显的白天嗜睡、集中精力困难、反应迟缓、机动判断能力差、工作能力和效率下降,患有该症的人易发生交通事故。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">OSAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">患者在一周内至少有一次开车时睡觉的经历。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年时期内,约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1/3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">发生过车祸。睡眠呼吸暂停患者车祸发生率是无此症状者的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">倍。尽管仅有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的车祸与驾车瞌睡有关,但却占所有死亡事故的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">83%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。因此驾车瞌睡是引起严重致命事故的主要原因。如能早期诊断并有效治疗,可避免大多数事故。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">多导睡眠图是诊断</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">SAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的“金标准”,呼吸紊乱指数</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">≥<span lang="EN-US">5</span>为诊断的国际标准,其严重程度划分为轻、中、重三级。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.7pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的治疗应根据每个人的不同情况实施个体化的治疗方法。第一,去除病因。如对肥胖者减轻体重</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5%~10%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以上有肯定疗效;对原发性甲状腺机能减低合并</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">OSAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">者给予补充甲状腺激素治疗能明显改善症状。第二,减少危险因素。如戒烟、戒酒;勿服安眠药;睡眠时采用侧卧位;停止注射雄性激素并进行适当的运动。第三,药物治疗。如用滴鼻液缓解鼻塞,安宫黄体酮等药物兴奋呼吸。第四,无创通气及其他机械治疗。其中,经鼻持续气道正压通气(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CPAP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)现已成为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">SAHS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的首选治疗措施,其有效率达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">80%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以上;有条件的可选用双水平气道正压通气机治疗,价格较昂贵;目前较新型的通气机为自动调节持续气道内正压通气,可自动调整压力,提高患者的舒适程度,改善长期治疗的依从性。第五,外科治疗。主要是悬雍垂软腭咽成形术,但手术的有效率不到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。第六,其它方法。如舌位置保持器、鼻咽气道、口腔矫正器等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt -17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.7pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">总之,关爱健康,关爱生命,应从关注睡眠开始。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></span><p></p></span></p>

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发表于 2007-9-5 11:13:00 | 显示全部楼层 IP:河北沧州
<p>这种病还很危险呢.</p>
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